Taurine Attenuates M1 Macrophage Polarization £ánd IL-1¦Â Prod

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2.3. Cell Culture and Treatment

RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells were cultured under standard conditions (37 ◦C, 5%CO2). The growth medium was RPMI 1640 supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS)and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. To induce M1 polarization, RAW 264.7 cells and TGPMswere stimulated as indicated. THP-1 cells were first differentiated with PMA (200 ng/mL;Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) for 6 h, followed by a 24 h stimulation with LPS(1 µg/mL) and IFN-γ (20 ng/mL). For the taurine-treated groups, taurine (Tau; 10 mmol/L)was added to the medium concurrently with the LPS and IFN-γ stimulants and maintainedthroughout the 12-h polarization period.
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